pwd → Print working directory.
ls → List files and directories.
cd directory_name → Change directory.
mkdir new_directory → Create a new directory.
rmdir empty_directory → Remove an empty directory.
cp file.txt /path/to/destination → Copy files or directories.
mv file.txt /path/to/destination → Move or rename files or directories.
rm file.txt → Remove files or directories.
touch new_file.txt → Create an empty file.
cat file.txt → Display or concatenate files.
head file.txt → Display the first 10 lines of a file.
tail file.txt → Display the last 10 lines of a file.
chmod 755 file.txt → Change file permissions.
chown user:group file.txt → Change file owner and group.
ps aux → Show all running processes.
kill process_id → Terminate a process.
top → Display system activity in real-time.
htop → Interactive process viewer (if installed).
jobs → List background jobs.
bg %1 → Resume job 1 in the background.
fg %1 → Bring job 1 to the foreground.
df -h → Display disk space usage.
du -h → Display file and directory space usage.
grep pattern file.txt → Search for a pattern in a file.
find /path -name "*.txt" → Search for files with a specific name.
tar -cvf archive.tar /path/to/directory → Create a tar archive.
zip archive.zip file.txt → Create a zip archive.
unzip archive.zip → Extract a zip archive.
man ls → Display the manual for a command.
export VAR=value → Set an environment variable.
echo $VAR → Display the value of a variable.
source ~/.bashrc → Reload .bashrc to apply changes.
alias ll='ls -lh' → Create a shortcut for commonly used commands.