List of Essential Linux commands - VLSI Expert

List of Essential Linux commands - VLSI Expert

List of Essential Linux commands

Basic Commands

  • pwd → Print working directory.

  • ls → List files and directories.

  • cd directory_name → Change directory.

  • mkdir new_directory → Create a new directory.

  • rmdir empty_directory → Remove an empty directory.

  • cp file.txt /path/to/destination → Copy files or directories.

  • mv file.txt /path/to/destination → Move or rename files or directories.

  • rm file.txt → Remove files or directories.

  • touch new_file.txt → Create an empty file.

File Viewing and Editing

  • cat file.txt → Display or concatenate files.

  • head file.txt → Display the first 10 lines of a file.

  • tail file.txt → Display the last 10 lines of a file.

Permissions and Ownership

  • chmod 755 file.txt → Change file permissions.

  • chown user:group file.txt → Change file owner and group.

Process Management

  • ps aux → Show all running processes.

  • kill process_id → Terminate a process.

  • top → Display system activity in real-time.

  • htop → Interactive process viewer (if installed).

  • jobs → List background jobs.

  • bg %1 → Resume job 1 in the background.

  • fg %1 → Bring job 1 to the foreground.

Disk & File System Management

  • df -h → Display disk space usage.

  • du -h → Display file and directory space usage.

Search and Filters

  • grep pattern file.txt → Search for a pattern in a file.

  • find /path -name "*.txt" → Search for files with a specific name.

Archiving and Compression

  • tar -cvf archive.tar /path/to/directory → Create a tar archive.

  • zip archive.zip file.txt → Create a zip archive.

  • unzip archive.zip → Extract a zip archive.

Help and Documentation

  • man ls → Display the manual for a command.

Environment & Variables

  • export VAR=value → Set an environment variable.

  • echo $VAR → Display the value of a variable.

  • source ~/.bashrc → Reload .bashrc to apply changes.

VLSI-Specific & Development Tools

  • alias ll='ls -lh' → Create a shortcut for commonly used commands.




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